School of Health Sciences - HSCI 570: Introduction to Medical Diagnostic Imaging

Description

This course teaches the fundamentals of medical imaging, including the basic physics and engineering associated with each imaging modality (CT, MRI, PET, and ultrasound), as well as mathematics and computational tools associated with image reconstruction and image processing. The course is intended for students in health sciences, biomedical engineering, physics, and life sciences.

Prerequisutes:

HSCI 514, MA 262. Authorized equivalent courses or consent of instructor may be used in satisfying course pre- and co-requisites.

Textbook:

• The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging (Second edition): JT Bushberg, JA Seibert, EM Leidholdt, JM Boone, Publishers Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins (2002) USA ISBN 0-683-30118-7.

Reading List:

• Handout materials for each lecture
• Articles and Reviews handed out in class
• E Oran Brigham, The Fast Fourier Transform and its Applications. Prentice -Hall 1998
• J.G. Proakis and D.G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications, Prentice-Hall, NJ, 3rd Edition, 1996;
• Z-H Cho, J.P. Jones, and M. Singh, Foundations of Medical Imaging, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1993;
• H.E. Johns and J.R. Cunningham, The Physics of Radiology, Charles C Thomas, 4th Edition, Springfield, Illinois, 1983.

Topics covered include:

1. Physical fundamentals of Medical Imaging
   • The Generic Imaging System:
   • Information Carrier
   • Carrier Modulation
   • Detected "Signal"
   • "Image" Formation
   X-ray properties and Production
   • Electromagnetic Spectrum
   • Wave Properties
   • Particle Properties
   • Electron Collisions
   • Bremsstrahlung
   • Characteristic Radiation
   X-ray Interactions in Tissue
   • Photoelectric Absorption
   • Compton Scattering
   • K-edge Effects
   Radiographic Imaging
   • Screen/Film System
   • Fluoroscopy
   Image Contrast, Noise and Resolution
    
   
2. Digital Imaging Fundamentals
   • Signal Processing Basics
   • Continuous and Discrete Fourier Transformation
   • Convolution and Correlation
   • Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
   • Basic Sampling Theory
   Algorithms for Reconstruction with Non-diffracting Sources
   • Line Integrals and Projections
   • The Fourier Slice Theorem
   • Reconstruction Algorithms for Parallel Projections
   • Reconstruction from Fan Projections
   • Three Dimensional Reconstruction
   
    
   
3. Medical Imaging Modalities
   • X-ray Computed Tomography (CT)
   • System Configuration and Evolution
   • Data Acquisition and Image Formation
   • Measurement of Projection Data with Polychromatic Sources
   • Aliasing, Artifacts and Noise
   Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
   • Positron Emission and Decay
   • Attenuation Compensation for Positron Tomography
   Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
   • Physical Bases of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
   • Mathematics and Algorithms for Imaging
   Ultrasound Imaging
   • Physical basis of ultrasound and its production and detection
   • Image production